The different types of mutations | Biomolecules | MCAT | Khan Academy

This is the most literal "Draw my Life" video

Another example of Frameshift mutation:
Imagine the sentence: THE CAT ATE THE RAT. (Note who all words are 3-lettered, to represent codons, since they are additionally read in 3). If we took out an E from THE however, everything would move to the left, and read as THC ATA ETH ERA T... Notice how all the three lettered codons are moved, and so they will all be read to different proteins, just as you could not read them to know what the cat would be doing with a rat.
This example is deletion, as one nucleotide is deleted. A nucleotide may additionally be inserted, as provided in the video.

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His accent and voice is so relaxing so peaceful. Thanks for the best explanation and a peaceful video. Medicine lectures should be calming and peaceful like that, Medical students are always stressed and depressed. It's so good having lectures like that. Thanks a million

3:30 Silent, misense and nonsense are all actually types of Point Mutation. Silent mutation cannot be classified as a missense because it results in no amino acid change while missense leads to amino acid change

I don't think silent mutations are a subset of missense mutations as you've mentioned.
Silent mutations are a part of synonymous mutations; nonsynonymous encompasses missense mutations (which can be conservative/non-conservative), nonsense mutations, and stop-loss mutations (where the stop codon is changed for a coding codon).

who has a test the next day and thats why there watching this?meeee

This was one of the most phenomenal videos I've seen giving the explanation of DNA mutations to a t and each and every one, excellent work!

thanks Allah i want this video becos tomorrow we will have exam hood luck!

Dude thank you so much for this. I've been trying to understand this 20 min lecture that my professor has put up for us to watch for the last 2 hours and you just made me understand all of it in less than 6 minutes.

Amazing video... Very clear and super informative

sir can you do my exam today pls

Nice video but needs a correction: Central dogma should not be interpreted as mere flow of information but in fact, it is the inability of 'information' to be transferred back from protein to either RNA or DNA (with some exceptions). See Crick, F.H.C. (1958). "On Protein Synthesis". In F.K. Sanders. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, Number XII: The Biological Replication of Macromolecules. Cambridge University Press. pp. 138-163
"The Central Dogma. This states that once 'information' has passed into protein it cannot get out again. In more detail, the transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or of amino acid residues in the protein."
- Francis Crick

I have molecular genetics exam tomorrow thank you so much u r a life saver 😍❤

wow.nailed everything in 5 mins!!

CCA,CCU,CCC,CCG code for proline 4:05

clear cut explanation ...helped a lot

This is very helpful!

1:23 whey there is U base in RNA ? I know transcripting from DNA to RNA A base bonds with T base

my teacher could've shown me this once, and i would've understood more in 5:52 minutes, than i would have ever learned in 80 minutes.

Mutations show their effect at DNA and RNA level too by altering the gene expression through modulating the epigenome, mRNA stability. for example, if mutation is in non-coding region, effect won't appear in protein but effects will appear in mRNA level as gene expression will be altered.

2:40 & 4:42

That was quick but Very Efficient. Thank you for saving me time. I have lots to learn but exams are in 2 weeks😭

Thanks to you I understood everything perfectly!

Best video for a quick revision

This is all well and good until you hit a real question about mutation types. The question I’m stuck on right now is basically a kid has symptoms of cystic fibrosis, a genetic test reveals a mutation in an exon of a gene coding for a transmembrane chloride channel. The abnormal mRNA is isolated and run along RT PCR along with normal mRNA for the same gene from his sibling brother. The patients cDNA from RT PCR is 101bp and his normal brother is 129bp. What type of mutation is it?

better than my bio teacher could ever explain lmao

this is quality, thank you!

Hello sir ...in frame shift insertion/deletion mutation reading frame remains unaltered... ..you explained point mutation in both cases ...reference page no .113 and 114 ncert 12th biology ..🙏👍

Ammmaaaazing 👏👏👏👏👏👏

Just as others have pointed out, point mutations were oversimplified.
But more concerning is the lac of other very common mutations:
1. Translocations
2. Mutations that do not change protein structure, but rather its copy number (non coding mutations)
3. Deletions can be frame shift and non frameshift
4. Insertions : also frame shift and non frame shift
5. Trinucleotide repeat expansions (fragile x syndrome)
6. Epigenetic silencing or up regulations -- not mutations in the traditional sense, but more commonly recognized as mutations in the "histone code"
-- and maybe more im not thinking of on top.

these videos are so helpful thank you!!

CCA CCU CCG CCC amino acid is PROLINE though

This was excellent

Amazing ❤

To the point explanation

Very Good Video!!!!

Excellent Representation....

The way he presented this was beautiful, but it is misleading. He should have been more organized about it because it makes one think that all of these are point mutations. Frame shift is not a type of point mutation.

Brilliant explanation, thanks.

too fast please slow down to make it clearer

Thank you! This was so helpful

This isn't MCAT prep. Its just regular biology prep.

Great work but with the silent mutation the CCA, CCG, CCT, CCC which doesn't affect a protein... The protein Proline not cysteine

EXCELLENT EXPLANATION!

Thanks a lot!

GREAT VIDEO

best explanation ever !!!!!!

Thanks for help

very good explanation

Excellent, much thanks

You gotta use the chapters feature of RUclips

I love this GOD bless you.

what would be a mutation for a protein whose stop codon is unaffected, however a larger than normal protein is made?

best descriptive understanding I have ever seen, thanks

Helpful...

great visual video, attracted me because of your drawing for explanations and great voice for explaining!

But most internet pages says according to the point mutation definition one nucleotide base is either inserted or deleted that leads to point mutation but if that's the definition of point mutation it causes framshift isn't it?so what I think is, in point mutation the nucleotide base is replaced with other base,with no insertions or deletions that's what you also said. tell me if it is true...

Your pretty good

Nicely explained. Thank you so much

Love this vid

HE DON'T MISS!!!

I actually understand this 😀

Mutations limit and degrade organisms and NEVER result in novel function or morphology but rather modify or eliminate previously existing ones. Just think, mutations result from error, toxins, radiation and these circumstances do not lend improvement. Fish cannot develop lungs or build legs and paws through mutation predicated on defense or accident. Bacteria can only degrade protein types to immunize from antibacterial exposure. Mutations do not contribute or explain the theory of evolution from molecules to man or land mammal to whale but only help explain some inadvertent adaptation aka natural selection in ecosystems within genus types. Please like and subscribe.

Thank you very much sir

Great video. Fun to watch you draw.

Very thankful I've watch this

Microbio exam tomorrow. Wish me luck

Lol my exam is in 13 hours. GRIND TIME haha

sir , CC.. codes for pro(proline) and GG.. codes for gly (glycine)

Pls difference between point mutation and missense mutation

Sickle cell disease (SCD) or Sickle cell anemia (SCA)
The mutation also changes the shape of the hemoglobin to stards.
They become sticky and can block the flow of oxygen to the cells.

I have never studied Human Biology in my life. Im doing Software Development. Why am I here?

Thank you Khan academy!

Which type of point mutation in the DNA base sequence of a gene affects the structure of the resulting protein the most?

I understand very gud

Which is the deletion,substitution,insertion, and translocation?

Great video. rất dễ hiểu

I dont understand the difference between the first point mutation and missense mutation. In both one nucleotide changed and gave you a different amino acid which was not a stop codon. So what is the difference between them ?

thanks

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god bless -- this dummy needed this explanation 😔✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽

thank you so much

very good explanation
thanks

CCA, CCU, CCT, CCG = proline

Thanks for those information

Thank you so much..clearly explained 😊

hello! please explain to me the causes and factors of spontaneous mutation. I understand that cells no longer copy properly due to natural factors. but I would like to know what those natural factors are. How do they appear and where? because everything in life happens due to some factors. thank you very much.

I love this video

Thank you very much for this explanation

nice..

Oh thank god, I needed this. XD

This is so helpful.

Sir...glycine are encoded by the GG groups not the CC groups

awesome dude

Nice but very fast. Please go mild while explaining. Overall good 👍🏻🙂

How much time this mutation takes to happen and mutation happens in same bacteria or another bacteria of that breed.

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great

Mr. Khan, I wanna work on bird mutation especially parrots, could you help out to explain me, how it’s work ?